Confounding variables A classical example of a confounding variable, and that correlation does not imply causation, is the incorrect assumption that an increase in ice cream sales causes an increa...
In this post I will describe Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and in particular sample PCA. I show that the common definition of PCA can be formulated as finding the “best” low rank approximatio...
In a previous post we introduce PCA, and two equivalent objective definitions. In this post we now give the exact solutions to PCA. We saw that the objective can be written as: \[\begin{align*} \...
First year PhD, machine learning notes
Creating an R Package - Cheat Sheet
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